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Military Escalation: A Tool For Deterrence and Deterrence
Military escalation is the process by which opponents increase the intensity and geographic scope of conflict. It is a powerful tool that can perform multiple functions, from communicating stake and will to demonstrating capability, and is essential to deterrence. Yet a generation of national security professionals has been trained to see escalation in only negative […]
What is a Military Coup?
About this article Military coup is an act of neocolonialism. Unlike democratic governments that have a political mandate based on constitutions and elections, the military coup leader’s political legitimacy stems from the barrel of the gun. This makes a military coup much more tempting to those who have been denied the political process and want […]
Global Democracy Means Defending Democracy When It Comes Under Attack
As democracy expands and deepens around the globe, its defenders must recognize that it’s not enough to simply promote its institutions. Global democracy also means a commitment to democratic principles, such as respect for human rights and a preference for democracy over autocracy in international relations. It means defending those values when they come under […]
What is a Defense Alliance?
Defense alliance is a group of countries, political parties, or people who agree to work together because of shared interests. These interests can include common threats or goals, such as protecting their citizens or businesses from attacks by a foreign power or promoting democracy and human rights in the world. Alliances can be formal or […]
Causes and Impacts of Political Unrest
Political unrest can have profound impacts on individuals, communities and societies. It can lead to loss of life, physical and psychological trauma, displacement, disruption of economic activities and the erosion of trust in institutions. The long-term impact can also undermine political stability and development, contribute to social instability and increase the risk of humanitarian crises. […]
Forms of Authoritarian Rule
When democracies’ institutions of representation ossify and leaders seem out of touch with citizens, people may seek authoritarian alternatives that promise to directly solve their problems. This is the recipe for populist authoritarianism, such as that practiced by Recep Tayyip Erdogan in Turkey and Hugo Chavez in Venezuela. Such forms of rule typically erode democracy […]
Economic Sanctions and Labour Market Impacts
Economic sanctions are a powerful tool that can be used to punish states for violations of international norms such as human rights abuses, nuclear proliferation, territorial aggression, and cyber activity that threatens democratic elections. They can also act as a deterrent, letting other countries know that they will be punished for violating norms the sanctioning […]
Global Security Trends 2025
Global security is an essential concept that covers a broad range of issues. It includes everything from combating illicit trafficking of weapons of mass destruction to promoting democracy, human rights, and economic development in conflict-prone regions. It also encompasses tackling climate change, reducing food insecurity, protecting endangered species, and fighting deadly pandemics that ravage entire […]
Understanding the Dynamics of a Border Dispute
A Border dispute happens when two or more countries or regions can’t agree on exactly where their border is. They may also disagree about the land or resources found in those areas, leading to serious arguments and sometimes even Wars. The famous example of this is the ongoing conflict between India and Pakistan over Kashmir, […]
Economic Inequality
Economic inequality is the unequal distribution of income (earnings) and wealth (net worth or savings) in a society. It is a critical issue, with dangerous ramifications for societies that are becoming more divided. Economic inequality is often viewed as the result of globalization and technological change, but policies can influence these forces. For example, automation […]