August 2025

Territorial dispute is a conflict that involves competing claims to a piece of land or territory. It is often militarized, and its resolution can have profound consequences for regional or global stability. It can also create humanitarian crises, as in the case of the ongoing tensions between India and Pakistan over Kashmir or China’s militarization […]

The goal of Central bank policy is to manage the economy’s inflation by adjusting interest rates, asset prices, and other financial instruments in order to achieve desired price stability. The success of a country’s central bank in achieving this goal depends on a combination of factors, including a government that understands the tradeoffs and sacrifices […]

Recession fears have resurfaced as a result of President Trump’s tariff policy, sending stocks plummeting and triggering fears that the economy may be on a downward slide. Adding fuel to the fire is the fact that foreign countries are raising their own tariffs on American-made goods, which could reduce demand and force companies to cut […]

When oil prices rise, it impacts everything from gasoline for cars and airlines to electricity and heating. These prices can increase costs for consumers and businesses, which can slow down economic growth. Oil prices are driven by a number of factors, including supply and demand. The cartel OPEC controls production and sets export quotas to […]

GDP is a statistic often used to compare economic performance of different countries. It is the accumulated value of all finished goods and services produced in a country over a specific time period. It is calculated by adding up all the market transactions that take place in a country, including consumer spending (C), investment (I), […]

Regime change involves the overthrow of a government and the installation of a new one. This process can be triggered by revolutions or coups, as well as by economic instability and shifts in global politics and international relations. It also can be initiated by civil society organizations and social movements, which can mobilize protests and […]

A Ceasefire agreement (or cessation of hostilities agreement) is an official document that outlines the terms and conditions for a temporary halt to armed conflict. The goal is to allow parties to regroup and assess the situation before committing to a more formal peace process. Despite the best intentions of top leaders, these agreements can […]

Arms embargo is a trade sanction against the export of weapons to states and entities deemed to have violated international law. Despite their broad application and high coercive potential, the implementation of arms embargoes is complicated by a series of circumstances that undermine their effectiveness. The existence of black markets, illicit arms trafficking networks, and […]

In the wake of the Asian financial crisis, the IMF is again facing calls for increased funding. In addition to bailing out financially troubled governments and companies, IMF loan programs also offer countries the opportunity to reform their economic policies and rethink their relationship with the international financial system. However, many important questions remain unanswered […]

The debt crisis affects millions of people across the globe – and it’s getting worse. When a person or company loses the ability to pay their debts, they go bankrupt. The same goes for governments. When a country’s debt load becomes too high, investors start to worry that it won’t be able to pay back […]