September 2025

International alliances are arrangements among states that bind them to cooperate in military, diplomatic and economic ways for a common cause. The cause can be national security or other goals such as reducing poverty or protecting the environment. These commitments are formally set by treaties. They require the state parties to relinquish some of their […]

A global recession is a prolonged period of decline in economic growth across the entire world economy. It is a serious economic setback that can have profound effects on individuals and businesses. Global recessions are less common than national ones, and the impact varies from country to country depending on its trading relationships and the […]

Cryptocurrency regulation is an evolving framework that seeks to balance innovation with investor protection, financial transparency, and systemic stability. While the details vary by country, most regulatory efforts are taking place in response to a growing recognition that digital assets and their underlying blockchain technologies are transforming global economic systems. Many state governments have attempted […]

A Military invasion is the act of armed forces of one geopolitical entity entering territory controlled by another, generally with the intention of conquering the territory or altering the established government. Military invasions are often the cause or the result of war. They can be a single action or a part of a larger strategy […]

Military escalation is the process by which opponents increase the intensity and geographic scope of conflict. It is a powerful tool that can perform multiple functions, from communicating stake and will to demonstrating capability, and is essential to deterrence. Yet a generation of national security professionals has been trained to see escalation in only negative […]

About this article Military coup is an act of neocolonialism. Unlike democratic governments that have a political mandate based on constitutions and elections, the military coup leader’s political legitimacy stems from the barrel of the gun. This makes a military coup much more tempting to those who have been denied the political process and want […]