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Understanding International Alliances
International alliances are arrangements among states that bind them to cooperate in military, diplomatic and economic ways for a common cause. The cause can be national security or other goals such as reducing poverty or protecting the environment. These commitments are formally set by treaties. They require the state parties to relinquish some of their […]
What is a Global Recession?
A global recession is a prolonged period of decline in economic growth across the entire world economy. It is a serious economic setback that can have profound effects on individuals and businesses. Global recessions are less common than national ones, and the impact varies from country to country depending on its trading relationships and the […]
How Cryptocurrency Regulation Is Evolving
Cryptocurrency regulation is an evolving framework that seeks to balance innovation with investor protection, financial transparency, and systemic stability. While the details vary by country, most regulatory efforts are taking place in response to a growing recognition that digital assets and their underlying blockchain technologies are transforming global economic systems. Many state governments have attempted […]
Military Invasion
A Military invasion is the act of armed forces of one geopolitical entity entering territory controlled by another, generally with the intention of conquering the territory or altering the established government. Military invasions are often the cause or the result of war. They can be a single action or a part of a larger strategy […]
Military Escalation: A Tool For Deterrence and Deterrence
Military escalation is the process by which opponents increase the intensity and geographic scope of conflict. It is a powerful tool that can perform multiple functions, from communicating stake and will to demonstrating capability, and is essential to deterrence. Yet a generation of national security professionals has been trained to see escalation in only negative […]
What is a Military Coup?
About this article Military coup is an act of neocolonialism. Unlike democratic governments that have a political mandate based on constitutions and elections, the military coup leader’s political legitimacy stems from the barrel of the gun. This makes a military coup much more tempting to those who have been denied the political process and want […]
Global Democracy Means Defending Democracy When It Comes Under Attack
As democracy expands and deepens around the globe, its defenders must recognize that it’s not enough to simply promote its institutions. Global democracy also means a commitment to democratic principles, such as respect for human rights and a preference for democracy over autocracy in international relations. It means defending those values when they come under […]
What is a Defense Alliance?
Defense alliance is a group of countries, political parties, or people who agree to work together because of shared interests. These interests can include common threats or goals, such as protecting their citizens or businesses from attacks by a foreign power or promoting democracy and human rights in the world. Alliances can be formal or […]
Causes and Impacts of Political Unrest
Political unrest can have profound impacts on individuals, communities and societies. It can lead to loss of life, physical and psychological trauma, displacement, disruption of economic activities and the erosion of trust in institutions. The long-term impact can also undermine political stability and development, contribute to social instability and increase the risk of humanitarian crises. […]
Forms of Authoritarian Rule
When democracies’ institutions of representation ossify and leaders seem out of touch with citizens, people may seek authoritarian alternatives that promise to directly solve their problems. This is the recipe for populist authoritarianism, such as that practiced by Recep Tayyip Erdogan in Turkey and Hugo Chavez in Venezuela. Such forms of rule typically erode democracy […]